What it means
To catch feelings is to develop real romantic feelings for someone when you meant to keep things casual, the unexpected flutter that sneaks up and quietly wrecks your no-strings plan. It is often said with mock dismay, as if feelings were a cold you accidentally caught.
Usage examples
"It was supposed to be casual but I caught feelings by the third date."
"We said no strings, then somebody caught feelings and it got complicated."
"I told myself it was just a chill little thing, then I caught feelings and started acting all couple-ish."
"He caught feelings after like two late-night FaceTimes and now he's in deep."
Where it comes from
Treats feelings like a bug you catch by accident, the same way you catch a cold. The phrasing frames romance as something that ambushes you out of nowhere rather than a choice you sat down and made.